The Sultanate of Oman operates under the guidance of the Basic Statute of the State, which functions as its constitution. The most current version of this constitution was promulgated by Sultan Haitham bin Tarik in 2021 through Royal Decree 6/2021. This landmark document defines the Sultan not only as the head of state but as the unifying symbol of the nation, entrusted with pivotal duties essential to the country’s governance and stability. The Sultan’s core responsibilities are outlined primarily in Article 49 of the Basic Statute of the State. This blog will explore five of the duties of His Majesty highlighting his central role in governance and state affairs.
Preserving the independence and integrity of the country
Oman is internationally known for its peaceful and harmonious character, this anchors the nation’s sovereignty and ensures its unity amid regional and global challenges. It is through His Majesty’s efforts that Oman’s reputation is maintained, preserving and protecting the state’s rich history.
Safeguarding the rights and liberties of citizens
The duty of the Sultan to safeguard citizens’ rights and freedoms in Oman is realised through a constitutional and legal regime emphasizing justice and the rule of law. It entails the protection of fundamental human rights founded on constitutional guarantees and rigorous judicial safeguards.
Guaranteeing the rule of law and directing the public policy of the state
Establishing the legal framework and national direction promotes social and economic stability. The Sultan’s role, assisted by the Council of Ministers, reflects a governance structure with separation of powers, the legislative process and the judicial authority.
Presiding over the Council of Ministers
In the context of Oman, the leadership of the Council of Ministers is vested in His Majesty the Sultan, who may serve as a Prime Minister or appoint someone to this position.
Promulgating laws, ratifying international treaties, and granting pardons
Promulgation refers to the formal process by which laws are officially issued and made enforceable within the country. Treaty ratification is a critical step that provides the Sultanate of Oman with formal commitment to international agreements. Finally His Majesty has the power to grant pardons as a sovereign prerogative.
Conclusion
Oman’s Basic Statute of the State articulates the Sultan’s role as foundational to the country’s stability, prosperity, and identity. The duties of the Sultan reflect a governance system that blends traditional monarchy with modern institutional frameworks, balancing authority with responsibility for the Omani people.
For those interested in further exploring the Omani constitutional law, the Basic Statute of the State remains a key document that encapsulates the legal and political principles governing the Sultanate today.
You can read the Basic Statute of the State in full in English through the link below:
